/* ============================================
   Section Subtitle (for member categories)
   ============================================ */
.section-subtitle {
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--color-lab-dark);
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--color-lab-light-20);
}
.pi-section-title {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--color-lab-dark);
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--color-lab-light-20);
  text-align: center;
}
/* ============================================
   Member Cards
   ============================================ */
.member-card {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  gap: 1rem;
  align-items: stretch;
  background: white;
  border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
  border-radius: 0.75rem;
  padding: 1.25rem;
  transition: all 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1);
}

.member-card:hover {
  border-color: var(--color-lab-light);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 73, 143, 0.06);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.member-avatar {
  width: 9.8rem;
  height: 13.72rem;
  min-width: 9.8rem;
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: var(--color-lab-dark-10);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 3rem;
  aspect-ratio: 5/7;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.member-avatar-sm {
  width: 2.75rem;
  height: 2.75rem;
  min-width: 2.75rem;
  font-size: 1.35rem;
}

.member-info {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
}

.member-name {
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #1a1a2e;
  margin-bottom: 0.15rem;
}

.member-role {
  font-size: 1.04rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--color-lab-dark);
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}

.member-desc {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  color: #4b5563;
  line-height: 1.5;
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.member-hobby {
  font-size: 1.04rem;
  color: #9ca3af;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.member-email {
  font-size: 0.98rem;
  color: #6b7280;
  margin-top: 0.25rem;
}

.member-research {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  color: #4b5563;
  line-height: 1.5;
  margin-top: 0.2rem;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.member-tagline {
  font-size: 0.91rem;
  color: #9ca3af;
  font-style: italic;
  margin-top: 0.15rem;
}

@media (min-width: 1024px) {
  .lg\:grid-cols-3 { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); }
}

.mt-12 { margin-top: 3rem; }
.gap-5 { gap: 1.25rem; }
/* ============================================
   People / Member Cards
   ============================================ */
.w-20 { width: 5rem; }
.h-20 { height: 5rem; }
.text-3xl { font-size: 1.875rem; line-height: 2.25rem; }

@media (min-width: 1024px) {
  .lg\:grid-cols-3 { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); }
}

.mt-14 { margin-top: 3.5rem; }
.mt-8 { margin-top: 2rem; }
/* ============================================
   Home CTA Buttons
   ============================================ */
.home-cta {
  display: inline-block;
  background-color: var(--color-lab-dark);
  color: white;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 1rem;
  padding: 0.75rem 1.75rem;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 73, 143, 0.2);
}

.home-cta:hover {
  background-color: #003d7a;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0, 73, 143, 0.3);
}

.home-cta-outline {
  display: inline-block;
  background-color: transparent;
  color: var(--color-lab-dark);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 1rem;
  padding: 0.75rem 1.75rem;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  border: 2px solid var(--color-lab-dark);
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.home-cta-outline:hover {
  background-color: var(--color-lab-dark);
  color: white;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0, 73, 143, 0.2);
}

/* prose list styles */
.prose ul { padding-left: 1.25rem; }
.prose li { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; line-height: 1.7; }
.prose p { margin-bottom: 1rem; }

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .md\:flex-row { flex-direction: row; }
  .md\:items-center { align-items: center; }
  .md\:justify-between { justify-content: space-between; }
}

.mt-0\.5 { margin-top: 0.125rem; }
/* ============================================
   Language Switch Button
   ============================================ */
.lang-switch {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0;
  background: #f1f5f9;
  border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
  border-radius: 9999px;
  padding: 0.2rem;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
  user-select: none;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.lang-switch:hover {
  background: #e2e8f0;
  border-color: #cbd5e1;
}

.lang-option {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 2rem;
  height: 1.6rem;
  border-radius: 9999px;
  color: #64748b;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.lang-option.active {
  background: var(--color-lab-dark);
  color: white;
}

.lang-divider {
  color: #cbd5e1;
  font-weight: 400;
  padding: 0 0.1rem;
}

.gap-3 { gap: 0.75rem; }
/* ============================================
   Badges & Tags
   ============================================ */
.badge {
  display: inline-block;
  background-color: var(--color-lab-dark);
  color: white;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.75rem;
  border-radius: 9999px;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.badge-outline {
  display: inline-block;
  border: 2px solid var(--color-lab-light);
  color: var(--color-lab-dark);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.75rem;
  border-radius: 9999px;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.tag {
  display: inline-block;
  background-color: var(--color-lab-light-20);
  color: var(--color-lab-dark);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  padding: 0.15rem 0.5rem;
  border-radius: 0.25rem;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.flex-wrap { flex-wrap: wrap; }
.gap-1 { gap: 0.25rem; }
.gap-2 { gap: 0.5rem; }
.items-start { align-items: flex-start; }
.flex-shrink-0 { flex-shrink: 0; }

.flex-col { flex-direction: column; }
@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .md\:flex-row { flex-direction: row; }
  .md\:items-start { align-items: flex-start; }
  .md\:text-left { text-align: left; }
}

.justify-center { justify-content: center; }
@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .md\:justify-start { justify-content: flex-start; }
}

.text-2xl { font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 2rem; }
.text-6xl { font-size: 3.75rem; line-height: 1; }
.text-base { font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; }
.font-normal { font-weight: 400; }
.w-36 { width: 9rem; }
.h-36 { height: 9rem; }
.md\:p-10 { padding: 2.5rem; }

.text-left { text-align: left; }
.gap-8 { gap: 2rem; }
/* ============================================
   Hero Background (DNA-inspired pattern)
   ============================================ */
.hero-bg {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #001a35 0%, #002855 30%, #00498f 60%, #001a35 100%);
  position: relative;
}

.hero-bg::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background-image: 
    radial-gradient(circle at 20% 50%, rgba(150, 204, 255, 0.15) 0%, transparent 50%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 80% 30%, rgba(150, 204, 255, 0.1) 0%, transparent 40%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 50% 80%, rgba(150, 204, 255, 0.08) 0%, transparent 45%);
  z-index: 1;
}

.hero-bg::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background-image: 
    repeating-linear-gradient(
      45deg,
      transparent,
      transparent 2px,
      rgba(255,255,255,0.015) 2px,
      rgba(255,255,255,0.015) 4px
    );
  z-index: 2;
}
/* ============================================
   Yang Lab - Westlake University
   Design Tokens & Styles
   ============================================ */

/* CSS Custom Properties */
:root {
  --color-lab-dark: #00498f;
  --color-lab-light: #96ccff;
  --color-lab-dark-90: rgba(0, 73, 143, 0.9);
  --color-lab-dark-10: rgba(0, 73, 143, 0.1);
  --color-lab-light-20: rgba(150, 204, 255, 0.2);
  --font-sans: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', 'Outfit', 'Noto Sans SC', system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;
  --font-serif: 'Playfair Display', 'Noto Sans SC', Georgia, serif;
  --shadow-nav: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0, 63, 135, 0.1);
  --shadow-card: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
  --max-width: 80rem;
}

/* Reset & Base */
*, *::before, *::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  scroll-padding-top: 5rem;
}

body {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
  color: #1a1a2e;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

img {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}

a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}

/* ============================================
   Utility Classes
   ============================================ */
.font-sans { font-family: var(--font-sans); }
.font-serif { font-family: var(--font-serif); }
.antialiased { -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; }
.min-h-screen { min-height: 100vh; }
.flex { display: flex; }
.flex-col { flex-direction: column; }

/* ============================================
   Navigation
   ============================================ */
nav {
  background: white;
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 50;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-nav);
}

.max-w-7xl {
  max-width: var(--max-width);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 1rem;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .max-w-7xl { padding: 0 2rem; }
}

.flex { display: flex; }
.justify-between { justify-content: space-between; }
.items-center { align-items: center; }
.h-16 { height: 4rem; }

/* Logo */
.text-lab-light { color: var(--color-lab-light); }
.text-lab-dark { color: var(--color-lab-dark); }
.bg-lab-dark { background-color: var(--color-lab-dark); }
.bg-lab-dark\/10 { background-color: var(--color-lab-dark-10); }
.bg-lab-dark\/90 { background-color: var(--color-lab-dark-90); }

.text-3xl { font-size: 1.875rem; line-height: 2.25rem; }
.font-bold { font-weight: 700; }
.text-xl { font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 1.75rem; }
.text-lg { font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.75rem; }
.text-sm { font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; }
.font-semibold { font-weight: 600; }
.font-light { font-weight: 300; }
.italic { font-style: italic; }

.no-underline { text-decoration: none; }

/* Nav Links */
.nav-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 0 1.25rem;
  height: 2.5rem;
  border-radius: 0.375rem;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.nav-link:hover {
  background-color: #eff6ff;
  color: var(--color-lab-dark);
}

.nav-link.active {
  background-color: var(--color-lab-dark);
  color: white;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);
}

.space-x-1 > * + * { margin-left: 0.25rem; }

/* Mobile Nav */
.hidden { display: none; }
@media (max-width: 767px) {
  .md\:hidden { display: none; }
  #mobile-menu.hidden { display: none; }
  #mobile-menu:not(.hidden) { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
}
@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .md\:flex { display: flex; }
  .hidden.md\:flex { display: flex; }
}

.mobile-nav-link {
  display: block;
  padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #374151;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  transition: all 0.15s ease;
}

.mobile-nav-link:hover {
  background-color: #eff6ff;
  color: var(--color-lab-dark);
}

/* ============================================
   Hero Section
   ============================================ */
.relative { position: relative; }
.absolute { position: absolute; }
.inset-0 { top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; left: 0; }
.overflow-hidden { overflow: hidden; }
.z-10 { z-index: 10; }
.z-20 { z-index: 20; }
.z-50 { z-index: 50; }

.h-\[400px\] { height: 400px; }
.w-full { width: 100%; }
.h-1 { height: 0.25rem; }
.h-full { height: 100%; }

.bg-gray-900 { background-color: #111827; }
.bg-gray-50 { background-color: #f9fafb; }
.bg-white { background-color: #ffffff; }
.text-white { color: #ffffff; }
.text-gray-200 { color: #e5e7eb; }
.text-gray-300 { color: #d1d5db; }
.text-gray-400 { color: #9ca3af; }
.text-gray-500 { color: #6b7280; }
.text-gray-600 { color: #4b5563; }
.text-gray-700 { color: #374151; }

.bg-gradient-to-b {
  background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, var(--tw-gradient-stops));
}
.from-black\/30 {
  --tw-gradient-from: rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
  --tw-gradient-stops: var(--tw-gradient-from), var(--tw-gradient-to, rgba(0,0,0,0));
}
.to-black\/50 {
  --tw-gradient-to: rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
}

.items-center { align-items: center; }
.justify-center { justify-content: center; }
.text-center { text-align: center; }

.text-4xl { font-size: 2.25rem; line-height: 2.5rem; }
.text-6xl { font-size: 3.75rem; line-height: 1; }
.text-7xl { font-size: 4.5rem; line-height: 1; }
.tracking-tight { letter-spacing: -0.025em; }

.mb-4 { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.mb-3 { margin-bottom: 0.75rem; }
.mb-8 { margin-bottom: 2rem; }
.mb-12 { margin-bottom: 3rem; }
.mt-1 { margin-top: 0.25rem; }
.mt-2 { margin-top: 0.5rem; }
.mt-3 { margin-top: 0.75rem; }
.mt-4 { margin-top: 1rem; }
.mt-8 { margin-top: 2rem; }
.mx-auto { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }

.max-w-2xl { max-width: 42rem; }
.max-w-3xl { max-width: 48rem; }
.max-w-4xl { max-width: 56rem; }
.max-w-5xl { max-width: 64rem; }
.max-w-6xl { max-width: 72rem; }
.max-w-sm { max-width: 24rem; }

.px-4 { padding-left: 1rem; padding-right: 1rem; }
.py-12 { padding-top: 3rem; padding-bottom: 3rem; }
.py-16 { padding-top: 4rem; padding-bottom: 4rem; }
.p-2 { padding: 0.5rem; }
.p-6 { padding: 1.5rem; }
.p-8 { padding: 2rem; }
.pb-4 { padding-bottom: 1rem; }
.pt-6 { padding-top: 1.5rem; }

.rounded-md { border-radius: 0.375rem; }
.rounded-lg { border-radius: 0.5rem; }
.rounded-xl { border-radius: 0.75rem; }
.rounded-2xl { border-radius: 1rem; }
.rounded-full { border-radius: 9999px; }

.shadow-sm { box-shadow: 0 1px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.05); }
.shadow-lg { box-shadow: 0 10px 15px -3px rgba(0,0,0,0.1), 0 4px 6px -4px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); }

.hover\:bg-blue-50:hover { background-color: #eff6ff; }
.hover\:shadow-md:hover { box-shadow: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.1), 0 2px 4px -2px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); }
.hover\:underline:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.hover\:text-white:hover { color: #ffffff; }

.transition-all { transition: all 0.2s ease; }
.transition-colors { transition: color 0.15s ease, background-color 0.15s ease; }
.transition-shadow { transition: box-shadow 0.2s ease; }
.duration-200 { transition-duration: 200ms; }

/* Hero responsive */
@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .md\:h-auto { height: auto; }
  .md\:aspect-\[2\.9\/1\] { aspect-ratio: 2.9 / 1; }
}

@media (min-width: 1536px) {
  .\32xl\:max-h-\[700px\] { max-height: 700px; }
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .md\:text-6xl { font-size: 3.75rem; line-height: 1; }
  .md\:text-xl { font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 1.75rem; }
  .md\:py-20 { padding-top: 5rem; padding-bottom: 5rem; }
  .md\:px-8 { padding-left: 2rem; padding-right: 2rem; }
}
@media (min-width: 1024px) {
  .lg\:text-7xl { font-size: 4.5rem; line-height: 1; }
}

/* ============================================
   Section Titles
   ============================================ */
.section-title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 2rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--color-lab-dark);
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .section-title { font-size: 2.5rem; }
}

.section-divider {
  width: 4rem;
  height: 0.25rem;
  background-color: var(--color-lab-light);
  margin: 0 auto;
  border-radius: 9999px;
}

/* ============================================
   Prose / Welcome
   ============================================ */
.prose p {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  text-indent: 2em;
}

.prose strong {
  color: var(--color-lab-dark);
}

.leading-relaxed { line-height: 1.75; }
.space-y-4 > * + * { margin-top: 1rem; }

/* ============================================
   Research Cards
   ============================================ */
.grid { display: grid; }
.gap-8 { gap: 2rem; }
.gap-6 { gap: 1.5rem; }

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .md\:grid-cols-2 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  .md\:grid-cols-3 { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); }
}

.research-card {
  background: white;
  border-radius: 1rem;
  padding: 2rem;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-card);
  border: 1px solid #f0f0f0;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  text-align: left;
}

.research-card .research-title {
  text-align: left;
}

.research-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  box-shadow: 0 12px 40px rgba(0, 73, 143, 0.1);
  border-color: var(--color-lab-light-20);
}

.research-icon {
  font-size: 3rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.research-title {
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--color-lab-dark);
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.research-desc {
  color: #6b7280;
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

/* ============================================
   News Items
   ============================================ */
.space-y-6 > * + * { margin-top: 1.5rem; }

.news-item {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  align-items: flex-start;
  padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--color-lab-light);
  background: #fafbff;
  border-radius: 0 0.75rem 0.75rem 0;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.news-item:hover {
  border-left-color: var(--color-lab-dark);
  background: #f0f6ff;
}

.news-date {
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--color-lab-dark);
  background: var(--color-lab-light-20);
  padding: 0.25rem 0.75rem;
  border-radius: 9999px;
  white-space: nowrap;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  margin-top: 0.2rem;
}

.news-title {
  font-size: 1.0625rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #1a1a2e;
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.news-excerpt {
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  color: #6b7280;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.news-item-clickable {
  cursor: pointer;
  position: relative;
}

.news-expand-icon {
  position: absolute;
  right: 0.75rem;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  color: var(--color-lab-dark);
  transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}

.news-expandable-item {
  border-left: 3px solid var(--color-lab-light);
  background: #fafbff;
  border-radius: 0 0.75rem 0.75rem 0;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.news-expandable-item .news-item {
  border-left: none;
  background: transparent;
  border-radius: 0;
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.news-expandable-item:hover {
  border-left-color: var(--color-lab-dark);
}

.news-expandable-item:hover .news-item {
  background: transparent;
}

/* News Detail Article Page */
.news-detail-article {
  background: white;
  border-radius: 1rem;
  padding: 2.5rem;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-card);
  border: 1px solid #f0f0f0;
}

.news-detail-article-title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #1a1a2e;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.news-detail-article-meta {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1rem;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: #6b7280;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  padding-bottom: 1rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
}

.news-detail-date {
  background: var(--color-lab-light-20);
  padding: 0.15rem 0.6rem;
  border-radius: 9999px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--color-lab-dark);
}

.news-detail-author {
  font-style: italic;
}

.news-detail-body {
  line-height: 1.75;
  color: #374151;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
}

.news-detail-body p {
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  text-indent: 2em;
}

.news-detail-body img {
  max-width: 100%;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  margin: 1.5rem 0;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
}

.news-detail-image {
  text-align: center;
  margin: 1.5rem 0;
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
  .news-detail-article {
    padding: 1.25rem;
  }
  .news-detail-article-title {
    font-size: 1.35rem;
  }
}

/* ============================================
   Publication Items
   ============================================ */
.pub-item {
  padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
  transition: background 0.15s ease;
}

.pub-item:hover {
  background: #f9fafb;
}

.pub-item:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}

.pub-authors {
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: #6b7280;
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.pub-title {
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #1a1a2e;
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.pub-journal {
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: var(--color-lab-dark);
}

.pub-year-header {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--color-lab-dark);
  margin-top: 2rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
  padding-left: 0.75rem;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--color-lab-light);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-lab-light-20);
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateX(-20px);
  transition: opacity 0.5s ease, transform 0.5s ease;
}

.pub-year-header.visible {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateX(0);
}

.pub-year-header:first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}

/* ============================================
   Software Cards
   ============================================ */
.software-card {
  background: white;
  border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
  border-radius: 0.75rem;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
  text-align: left;
}

.software-card:hover {
  border-color: var(--color-lab-light);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 73, 143, 0.08);
}

/* ============================================
   Buttons & Links
   ============================================ */
.inline-block { display: inline-block; }
.inline-flex { display: inline-flex; }
.flex-shrink-0 { flex-shrink: 0; }
.whitespace-nowrap { white-space: nowrap; }

.px-6 { padding-left: 1.5rem; padding-right: 1.5rem; }
.py-3 { padding-top: 0.75rem; padding-bottom: 0.75rem; }

/* ============================================
   Footer
   ============================================ */
.border-t { border-top-width: 1px; }
.border-white\/20 { border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.2); }
.border-gray-200 { border-color: #e5e7eb; }

.space-y-1 > * + * { margin-top: 0.25rem; }
.space-y-2 > * + * { margin-top: 0.5rem; }
.space-y-3 > * + * { margin-top: 0.75rem; }

.gap-2 { gap: 0.5rem; }

.w-32 { width: 8rem; }
.h-32 { height: 8rem; }
.text-5xl { font-size: 3rem; line-height: 1; }

/* ============================================
   Focus & Accessibility
   ============================================ */
.focus\:outline-none:focus {
  outline: 2px solid transparent;
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

/* ============================================
   Hero Title & Subtitle (2x size, 2x line-height)
   ============================================ */
.hero-title {
  font-size: 4.2rem;
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
}
@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .hero-title { font-size: 5.25rem; }
}
@media (min-width: 1024px) {
  .hero-title { font-size: 6.3rem; }
}
.hero-subtitle {
  font-size: 1.75rem;
  line-height: 1;
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
}
@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .hero-subtitle { font-size: 2.1rem; }
}

/* ============================================
   Grant Amount Badge
   ============================================ */
.grant-amount-badge {
  min-width: 6rem;
  text-align: center;
}

/* ============================================
   Animations
   ============================================ */
@keyframes fadeInUp {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(20px);
  }
  to {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }
}

.fade-in-up {
  animation: fadeInUp 0.6s ease forwards;
}

/* Scroll-reveal sections */
.reveal {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(30px);
  transition: opacity 0.6s ease, transform 0.6s ease;
}

.reveal.visible {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateY(0);
}

/* Page transition animation */
@keyframes pageSlideIn {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(30px);
  }
  to {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }
}

.page-animate {
  animation: pageSlideIn 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1) forwards;
}

/* Staggered card animation */
@keyframes cardFadeIn {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(20px) scale(0.97);
  }
  to {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0) scale(1);
  }
}

.card-animate {
  opacity: 0;
  animation: cardFadeIn 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1) forwards;
}

/* Glassmorphism hover effect for cards */
.glass-hover {
  transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1);
}

.glass-hover:hover {
  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0, 73, 143, 0.12);
  transform: translateY(-4px);
}

/* Gradient border animation */
@keyframes gradientBorder {
  0% { border-image-source: linear-gradient(0deg, #96ccff, #00498f); }
  50% { border-image-source: linear-gradient(180deg, #96ccff, #00498f); }
  100% { border-image-source: linear-gradient(360deg, #96ccff, #00498f); }
}

/* Modern section reveal with parallax-like effect */
.section-reveal {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(40px);
  transition: all 0.7s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1);
}

.section-reveal.visible {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateY(0);
}

/* ============================================
   News Animations
   ============================================ */

/* News item hover glow effect */
.news-expandable-item {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.news-expandable-item::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: -100%;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, rgba(150, 204, 255, 0.08), transparent);
  transition: left 0.6s ease;
  z-index: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.news-expandable-item:hover::before {
  left: 100%;
}

.news-item-clickable {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

/* News item click ripple effect */
@keyframes newsRipple {
  0% {
    transform: scale(0);
    opacity: 0.5;
  }
  100% {
    transform: scale(4);
    opacity: 0;
  }
}

.news-ripple {
  position: absolute;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: rgba(0, 73, 143, 0.15);
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
  margin-top: -50px;
  margin-left: -50px;
  animation: newsRipple 0.6s ease-out forwards;
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 10;
}

/* News detail page enter animation */
@keyframes newsDetailEnter {
  0% {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(40px) scale(0.96);
  }
  60% {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(-5px) scale(1.005);
  }
  100% {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0) scale(1);
  }
}

.news-detail-enter {
  animation: newsDetailEnter 0.65s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1) forwards;
}

/* News detail staggered content animation */
@keyframes newsContentFadeIn {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(15px);
  }
  to {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }
}

.news-detail-article-title {
  animation: newsContentFadeIn 0.5s 0.15s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1) both;
}

.news-detail-article-meta {
  animation: newsContentFadeIn 0.5s 0.25s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1) both;
}

.news-detail-body {
  animation: newsContentFadeIn 0.5s 0.35s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1) both;
}

.news-detail-body p,
.news-detail-body .news-detail-image {
  opacity: 0;
  animation: newsContentFadeIn 0.45s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1) forwards;
}

/* News list re-enter animation */
@keyframes newsListEnter {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateX(-20px);
  }
  to {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateX(0);
  }
}

.news-list-animate .news-expandable-item {
  opacity: 0;
  animation: newsListEnter 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1) forwards;
}

/* News back button animation */
@keyframes backBtnSlide {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateX(-20px);
  }
  to {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateX(0);
  }
}

.news-back-animate {
  animation: backBtnSlide 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1) forwards;
}

/* ============================================
   Member Card Float Effect
   ============================================ */

/* Member card click float animation */
@keyframes memberFloat {
  0% {
    transform: translateY(0) scale(1) rotateX(0);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 73, 143, 0.06);
  }
  20% {
    transform: translateY(-18px) scale(1.04) rotateX(2deg);
    box-shadow: 0 20px 40px rgba(0, 73, 143, 0.15), 0 0 30px rgba(150, 204, 255, 0.2);
  }
  40% {
    transform: translateY(-12px) scale(1.03) rotateX(-1deg);
    box-shadow: 0 15px 35px rgba(0, 73, 143, 0.12), 0 0 25px rgba(150, 204, 255, 0.15);
  }
  60% {
    transform: translateY(-16px) scale(1.035) rotateX(1deg);
    box-shadow: 0 18px 38px rgba(0, 73, 143, 0.14), 0 0 28px rgba(150, 204, 255, 0.18);
  }
  80% {
    transform: translateY(-8px) scale(1.01) rotateX(0);
    box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(0, 73, 143, 0.1), 0 0 15px rgba(150, 204, 255, 0.1);
  }
  100% {
    transform: translateY(0) scale(1) rotateX(0);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 73, 143, 0.06);
  }
}

.member-float {
  animation: memberFloat 1.2s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1) forwards;
}

/* Member card glow ring on click */
@keyframes memberGlowRing {
  0% {
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(150, 204, 255, 0.6);
  }
  50% {
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 12px rgba(150, 204, 255, 0);
  }
  100% {
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(150, 204, 255, 0);
  }
}

.member-glow-ring {
  animation: memberGlowRing 0.8s ease-out forwards;
}

/* Global click sparkle particles */
@keyframes globalSparkle {
  0% {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translate(0, 0) scale(1);
  }
  100% {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translate(var(--sx), var(--sy)) scale(0);
  }
}

.global-sparkle {
  position: fixed;
  width: 6px;
  height: 6px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--color-lab-light);
  pointer-events: none;
  animation: globalSparkle 0.7s ease-out forwards;
  z-index: 99999;
}

/* Sparkle particles around member card on click */
@keyframes sparkle {
  0% {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translate(0, 0) scale(1);
  }
  100% {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translate(var(--sx), var(--sy)) scale(0);
  }
}

.member-sparkle {
  position: absolute;
  width: 6px;
  height: 6px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--color-lab-light);
  pointer-events: none;
  animation: sparkle 0.8s ease-out forwards;
  z-index: 20;
}

/* ============================================
   Enhanced Page Transition
   ============================================ */
@keyframes pageExit {
  from {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }
  to {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(-15px);
  }
}

.page-exit {
  animation: pageExit 0.25s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1) forwards;
}

@keyframes pageEnter {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(25px);
  }
  to {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }
}

.page-enter {
  animation: pageEnter 0.45s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1) forwards;
}

/* ============================================
   Responsive Grid
   ============================================ */
@media (max-width: 767px) {
  .grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .news-item {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.5rem;
  }

  .section-title {
    font-size: 1.75rem;
  }
}

/* Print Styles */
@media print {
  nav, footer, .bg-gray-900 { 
    display: none; 
  }
}

/* Hamburger button - hidden on desktop, visible on mobile */
.hamburger-btn {
  display: none;
  padding: 8px;
  border: none;
  background: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: 24px;
  color: #00498f;
  line-height: 1;
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
  .hamburger-btn {
    display: block !important;
  }
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .hamburger-btn {
    display: none !important;
  }
}

/* ============================================
   Mobile Responsive (< 768px)
   ============================================ */
@media (max-width: 767px) {
  /* Hero section */
  .hero-title {
    font-size: 2rem !important;
    line-height: 1.15;
  }
  .hero-subtitle {
    font-size: 1rem !important;
    margin-top: 0.75rem;
    padding: 0 0.5rem;
  }
  .h-\[400px\] {
    height: 280px;
  }

  /* Member cards */
  .member-card {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 1rem;
    gap: 0.75rem;
  }
  .member-avatar {
    width: 6rem;
    height: 8.4rem;
    min-width: 6rem;
    font-size: 2rem;
  }
  .member-info {
    text-align: center;
  }
  .member-name {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
  }
  .member-role {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
  }
  .member-desc,
  .member-research {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
  }
  .member-email {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    word-break: break-all;
  }

  /* PI card */
  .w-36, .h-36 {
    width: 5rem;
    height: 5rem;
  }
  .w-36 .text-6xl, .h-36 .text-6xl {
    font-size: 2rem;
  }
  .md\:p-10 {
    padding: 1.25rem;
  }

  /* Section spacing */
  .py-16 {
    padding-top: 2.5rem;
    padding-bottom: 2.5rem;
  }
  .mb-12 {
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  }
  .gap-8 {
    gap: 1rem;
  }

  /* Prose text */
  .prose {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
  }
  .text-lg {
    font-size: 1rem;
  }

  /* Research cards */
  .research-card {
    padding: 1.25rem;
  }
  .research-icon {
    font-size: 2rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  }
  .research-title {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
  }

  /* News items */
  .news-item {
    padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
  }
  .news-title {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
  }
  .news-excerpt {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
  }

  /* Publication items */
  .pub-item {
    padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
  }
  .pub-title {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
  }
  .pub-year-header {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
  }

  /* Software/Grant cards */
  .software-card {
    padding: 1rem;
  }

  /* Footer */
  .grid.md\:grid-cols-3 {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 1.5rem;
  }

  /* Contact section */
  .grid.md\:grid-cols-2 {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  /* Badge sizing */
  .badge, .badge-outline {
    font-size: 0.65rem;
    padding: 0.15rem 0.5rem;
  }

  /* Nav logo */
  .text-3xl {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
  }

  /* Section titles */
  .section-title {
    font-size: 1.6rem;
  }

  /* Home PI card */
  .bg-gray-50.rounded-2xl {
    padding: 1rem;
  }

  /* Grant amount badge */
  .grant-amount-badge {
    min-width: 4.5rem;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
  }

  /* News detail article */
  .news-detail-article {
    padding: 1rem;
  }
  .news-detail-article-title {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
  }
  .news-detail-body {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
  }
  .news-detail-article-meta {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.4rem;
  }
}

/* Small phones (< 400px) */
@media (max-width: 399px) {
  .hero-title {
    font-size: 1.6rem !important;
  }
  .hero-subtitle {
    font-size: 0.85rem !important;
  }
  .member-avatar {
    width: 5rem;
    height: 7rem;
    min-width: 5rem;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
  }
  .section-title {
    font-size: 1.35rem;
  }
  .nav-link {
    padding: 0 0.75rem;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
  }
  .mobile-nav-link {
    padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
  }
  .badge, .badge-outline {
    font-size: 0.6rem;
    padding: 0.1rem 0.4rem;
  }
  .h-\[400px\] {
    height: 220px;
  }
}

/* Landscape phones and small tablets (400-767px) */
@media (min-width: 400px) and (max-width: 767px) {
  .member-avatar {
    width: 7rem;
    height: 9.8rem;
    min-width: 7rem;
  }
}